HORIZON-CL5-2022-D2-01-01: Sustainable processing and refining of battery grade graphite (Batteries Partnership)

Expected Outcome: For graphite, both natural and synthetic graphite production for the EV market take place almost exclusively in China. Although there is some existing mining of Natural graphite in Europe, scaling these sources for the active anode material needs within Europe will be very challenging as (i) extensive graphite exploration and mining would be needed, and (ii) almost all of the refining capacity is based in China. The main challenges in refining are low yield in the spheronisation and the use of large amounts of hydrofluoric acid in the refining step. For synthetic graphite, by-products [...]